Part 3: Fundamental Rights (12-35)
Article 12
Article 13
Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights.
मौलिक अधिकारों से असंगत या उनका अनादर करने वाले कानून
Article 13-1: Any law existing before the Constitution’s commencement that conflicts with fundamental rights is invalid to the extent of the conflict.
Article 13-2: The State cannot make laws that infringe upon fundamental rights; any such law is void to the extent of the infringement.
Right to Equality
Article 14
- Equality Before the Law
- Equal Protection of the Laws
Article 15
Article 16
Article 17
Article 18
Right to Freedom
Article 19
- Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.
- Article 19(1)(a): Freedom of speech and expression.
- Article 19(1)(b): Freedom to assemble peaceably and without arms.
- Article 19(1)(c): Freedom to form associations or unions or co-operative societies.
- Article 19(1)(d): Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India.
- Article 19(1)(e): Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India.
- Article 19(1)(g): Freedom to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.
Article 20
Protection against ex post facto laws
Protection against double jeopardy
The prohibition of self-incrimination
Article 21
Article 21A
Article 22
Right against Exploitation
Article 23
- Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.
Article 24
Right to Freedom of Religion
Article 25
- Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.
Article 26
Article 27
Article 28
Cultural and Educational Rights
Article 29
- Protection of the interests of minorities.
Article 30
Article 31: Compulsory acquisition of property – Removed
Right to Constitutional Remedies
Article 32
- Remedies for the enforcement of rights conferred by this Part.
- Considered as the ‘heart and soul of the Constitution’ by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
- 4 Writs
- Habeas Corpus:
- Any person or authority detaining another person.
- You may have the body
- Quo Warranto:
- To inquire into the legality of the claim of a person to a public office and prevent illegal usurpation of public office.
- Mandamus:
- To compel a public authority, public body, lower court, or tribunal to perform a specific legal duty they have failed to perform
- Certiorari:
- To quash or set aside an order or decision of a lower court or tribunal that has acted without jurisdiction, beyond jurisdiction, or in violation of law/natural justice.
- Prohibition:
- To prohibit a lower court or tribunal from exceeding its jurisdiction or usurping jurisdiction it does not possess, while a case is pending.
Article 33
Article 34
Article 35
